The African value of Ubuntu : for an ethics of global artificial intelligence inclusion

First published as: The role of the African value of Ubuntu in global AI inclusion discourse: A normative ethics perspective, Patterns 3, 8 April 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2022.100462 (CC BY).Reprinted with permission of the authors

Tacit knowledge elicitation process for industry 4.0

Manufacturers migrate their processes to Industry 4.0, which includes new technologies for improving productivity and efficiency of operations. One of the issues is capturing, recreating, and documenting the tacit knowledge of the aging workers. However, there are no systematic procedures to incorporate this knowledge into Enterprise Resource Planning systems and maintain a competitive advantage. This paper describes a solution proposal for a tacit knowledge elicitation process for capturing operational best practices of experienced workers in industrial domains based on a mix of algorithmic techniques and a cooperative game. We use domain ontologies for Industry 4.0 and reasoning techniques to discover and integrate new facts from textual sources into an Operational Knowledge Graph. We describe a concepts formation iterative process in a role game played by human and virtual agents through socialization and externalization for knowledge graph refinement. Ethical and societal concerns are discussed as well

Systematizing Audit in Algorithmic Recruitment

Business psychologists study and assess relevant individual differences, such as intelligence and personality, in the context of work. Such studies have informed the development of artificial intelligence systems (AI) designed to measure individual differences. This has been capitalized on by companies who have developed AI-driven recruitment solutions that include aggregation of appropriate candidates (Hiretual), interviewing through a chatbot (Paradox), video interview assessment (MyInterview), and CV-analysis (Textio), as well as estimation of psychometric characteristics through image-(Traitify) and game-based assessments (HireVue) and video interviews (Cammio). However, driven by concern that such high-impact technology must be used responsibly due to the potential for unfair hiring to result from the algorithms used by these tools, there is an active effort towards proving mechanisms of governance for such automation. In this article, we apply a systematic algorithm audit framework in the context of the ethically critical industry of algorithmic recruitment systems, exploring how audit assessments on AI-driven systems can be used to assure that such systems are being responsibly deployed in a fair and well-governed manner. We outline sources of risk for the use of algorithmic hiring tools, suggest the most appropriate opportunities for audits to take place, recommend ways to measure bias in algorithms, and discuss the transparency of algorithms

A critical review of the Online Safety Bill

The UK Parliament has tabled the Online Safety Bill to make the internet safer for users by requiring providers to regulate legal but harmful content on their platform. This paper critically assesses the draft legislation, surveying its rationale; its scope in terms of lawful and unlawful harms it intends to regulate; and the mechanisms through which it will be enforced. We argue that it requires further refinement if it is to protect free speech and innovation in the digital sphere. We propose four conclusions: further evidence is required to substantiate the necessity and proportionality of the Bill’s interventions; the Bill risks a democratic deficit by limiting the opportunity for parliamentary scrutiny; the duties of the bill may be too wide (in terms of burdening providers); and that enforcement of a Code of Practice will likely be insufficient

Proposed EU AI Act - Presidency Compromise Text: Select Overview and Comment on the Changes to the Proposed Regulation

With its proposed EU AI Act, the EU is aspiring to lead the world in admiral AI regulation (April 2021). In this brief, we summarise and comment on the ‘Presidency compromise text’, which is a revised version of the proposed act reflecting the consultation and deliberation by member states and actors (November 2021). The compromise text echoes the sentiment of the original text, much of which remains largely unchanged. However, there are important shifts and some significant changes. Our main comments focus on exemptions to the act with respect to national security; changes that seek to further protect research, development and innovation; and the attempt to clarify the draft legislation’s stance on algorithmic manipulation. Our target readership for this paper is those who are interested in tracking the evolution of the proposed EU AI act, such as policy-makers and those in the legal profession

Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of p-Coumaric Acid Complexes of CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII Metal Cations and Biological Applications

T he phenolic compound used in this study is p-coumaric acid, which is the derivative of phenolic acid playing a role in giving color, odor and taste to the plants. The p-coumaric acid is an organic compound derived from cinnamic acid. There are three isomers of this structure as ortho-, meta- and para- depending on the location of the hydroxyl group within the structure. In this study, metal complexes of p-coumaric acid ligand with the transition metal cations CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII were synthesized. The structure of the synthesized complexes was studied via elemental analysis, infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, melting point and thermal analysis. Furthermore the biological properties of these new molecules were studie